The return of 6 million Afghan refugees to Afghanistan in under three years has been recorded as a movement unprecedented in recent history. The UN refugee agency said all returns must be voluntary, safe and dignified.
Returns from Iran and Pakistan
According to UN data, approximately 2.1 million Afghans have returned to Afghanistan from Iran since the beginning of 2025.
Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif said in June that more than 2.4 million Afghan nationals had returned to Afghanistan since Islamabad began implementing its phased repatriation program in September 2023.
A significant proportion of the Afghans who returned are believed to have been sent back from neighboring Pakistan and Iran.
Afghan population remaining in Pakistan
Pakistan took in millions of Afghan refugees who fled their country after the 1979 Soviet invasion. In subsequent years, the country also hosted Afghans escaping conflict and instability.
According to the UN's latest data, more than 777,000 registered Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan. The number of undocumented Afghans is estimated to exceed 1 million.