First aid after a shark attack: 5 lifesaving steps from an emergency medicine specialist

5 steps to save a life in the first 5 minutes after a shark attack

Dr. Kenneth J. Perry, an emergency physician in South Carolina, explains how to give first aid after a shark bite.

Scraper SystemJuly 30, 2026, 10:47 AM

5 steps to save a life in the first 5 minutes after a shark attack

While shark bites are rare, quick and proper intervention can be lifesaving when they occur. Dr. Kenneth J. Perry, an emergency physician at a hospital in South Carolina, USA, emphasizes that the first 5 minutes after an attack are critical, and outlines five key steps to take until professional help arrives.

1. Get out of the water and focus on stopping the bleeding

The first and most urgent step is to get the injured person out of the water and eliminate the risk of another attack or drowning. Dr. Perry says that once on shore or a boat, all attention should be given to controlling the bleeding. Reminding that shark teeth can easily cut arteries and tendons, Perry stresses that uncontrolled blood loss is the greatest threat.

2. Apply a tourniquet for severe injuries

If there is a severe wound on an arm or leg, using a tourniquet is essential. Dr. Perry states that the tourniquet should be placed above the wound and tightened until no pulse is felt. Although painful, this procedure is vital. For example, for a bite near the elbow, the tourniquet should be wrapped around the upper arm. This method aligns with the American College of Surgeons' national trauma protocols called 'Stop the Bleed'.

3. Use pressure dressings for prolonged waits

Tourniquets are temporary solutions and should be applied for no more than 2 hours; otherwise, the risk of tissue damage increases. If help will be delayed, Dr. Perry recommends applying a pressure dressing. A folded gauze should be placed over the bleeding point and wrapped tightly. Although this method may not completely stop the bleeding, it is a safer option for extended waits.

4. Calm the victim and check consciousness

Keeping the injured person calm and still is also vital. Panic raises heart rate and blood pressure, accelerating blood loss. Dr. Perry says that loss of consciousness could be due to a drop in blood pressure from blood loss or from diving injuries related to rapid ascent from depth. This condition requires immediate medical attention.

5. Be prepared for infection risk

After initial treatment, the risk of infection persists during the long-term healing process. Dr. Perry warns that bacteria in seawater can cause serious skin and soft tissue infections such as cellulitis in bite wounds. In the hospital, after the patient is stabilized, intensive antibiotic therapy is typically initiated.

5 steps to save a life in the first 5 minutes after a shark attack

Dr. Kenneth J. Perry, an emergency physician in South Carolina, explains how to give first aid after a shark bite.